A Comic Poem About English Spelling and Pronunciation

A Comic Poem About English Spelling and Pronunciation Composed by Dr. Gerard Nolst Trenità © (1870-1946), a Dutch author and teacher, The Chaos illustrates many of the irregularities of English spelling (orthography) and pronunciation. The Chaos by Charivarius (Gerard Nolst Trenità ©) Dearest creature in Creation,Studying English pronunciation,I will teach you in my verseSounds like corpse, corps, horse, and worse.I will keep you, Susy, busy,Make your head with heat grow dizzy;Tear in eye, your dress youll tear;So shall I! Oh, hear my prayer.Pray, console your loving poet,Make my coat look new, dear, sew it!Just compare heart, beard, and heard,Dies and diet, lord and word.Sword and sward, retain and Britain(Mind the latter, how its written!)Made has not the sound of bade,Say-said, pay-paid, laid, but plaid.Now I surely will not plague youWith such words as vague and ague,But be careful how you speak,Say break, steak, but bleak and streak.Previous, precious, fuchsia, via;Pipe, snipe, recipe and choir,Cloven, oven; how and low;Script, receipt; shoe, poem, toe.Hear me say, devoid of trickery:Daughter, laughter and Terpsichore,Typhoid; measles, topsails, aisles;Exiles, similes, reviles;Wholly, holly; signal, signing;Thames; examining, combining;Scholar, vicar, and cig ar,Solar, mica, war, and far. From desire: desirableadmirable from admire;Lumber, plumber, bier, but brier;Chatham, brougham; renown but known,Knowledge; done, but gone and tone,One, anemone; Balmoral;Kitchen, lichen; laundry, laurel;Gertrude, German; wind and mind;Scene, Melpomene, mankind;Tortoise, turquoise, chamois-leather,Reading, Reading, heathen, heather.This phonetic labyrinthGives moss, gross, brook, brooch, ninth, plinth.Billet does not end like ballet;Bouquet, wallet, mallet, chalet;Blood and flood are not like food,Nor is mould like should and would.Banquet is not nearly parquet,Which is said to rhyme with darky.Viscous, viscount; load and broad;Toward, to forward, to reward,And your pronunciations OK.Rounded, wounded; grieve and sieve;Friend and fiend; alive and live.Liberty, library; heave and heaven;Rachel, ache, moustache, eleven,We say hallowed, but allowed;People, leopard; towed, but vowed.Mark the difference, moreover,Between mover, plover, Dover,Leeches, breeches; wise, precise;Chalice but pol ice and lice. Camel, constable, unstable;Principle, disciple; label;Petal, penal, and canal;Wait, surmise, plait, promise; pal.Suit, suite, ruin; circuit, conduitRhyme with shirk it and beyond it.But it is not hard to tellWhy its pall, mall, but Pall Mall.Muscle, muscular; gaol, iron;Timber, climber; bullion, lion,Worm and storm; chaise, chaos, chair;Senator, spectator, mayor.Ivy, privy, famous; clamourAnd enamour rime with hammer.Pussy, hussy, and possess,Desert, but desert, address.Golf, wolf, countenance, lieutenantsHoist in lieu of flags left pennants.Courier, courtier, tomb, bomb, comb,Cow, but Cowper, some, and home.Solder, soldier! Blood is thicker,Quoth he, than liqueur or liquor,Making, it is sad but true,In bravado, much ado.Stranger does not rhyme with anger,Neither does devour with clangour.Pilot, pivot, gaunt, but aunt,Font, front, wont, want, grand, and grant.Arsenic, specific, scenic,Relic, rhetoric, hygienic.Gooseberry, goose, and close, but close,Paradise, rise, rose, and dose. Say inveigh, neigh, but inveigle,Make the latter rhyme with eagle.Mind! Meandering but mean,Valentine and magazine.And I bet you, dear, a penny,You say mani-(fold) like many,Which is wrong. Say rapier, pier,Tier (one who ties), but tier.Arch, archangel; pray, does erringRhyme with herring or with stirring?Prison, bison, treasure trove,Treason, hover, cover, cove,Perseverance, severance. RibaldRhymes (but piebald doesnt) with nibbled.Phaeton, paean, gnat, ghat, gnaw,Lien, psychic, shone, bone, pshaw.Dont be down, my own, but rough it,And distinguish buffet, buffet;Brood, stood, roof, rook, school, wool, boon,Worcester, Boleyn, to impugn.Say in sounds correct and sterlingHearse, hear, hearken, year and yearling.Evil, devil, mezzotint,Mind the Z! (A gentle hint.)   Now you need not pay attentionTo such sounds as I dont mention,Sounds like  pores, pause, pours  and  paws,Rhyming with the pronoun  yours;Nor are proper names included,Though I often heard, as you did,Funny rhymes to  unicorn,Yes, you know them,  Vaughan  and  Strachan.No, my maiden, coy and  comely,I dont want to speak of  Cholmondeley.No. Yet  Froude  compared with  proudIs no better than  McLeod.But mind  trivial  and  vial,Tripod, menial, denial,Troll  and  trolley, realm  and  ream,Schedule, mischief, schism, and  scheme.Argil, gill, Argyll, gill. SurelyMay be made to rhyme with  Raleigh,But youre not supposed to sayPiquet  rhymes with  sobriquet.Had this  invalid invalidWorthless documents? How  pallid,How  uncouth he, couchant, looked,When for Portsmouth I had booked!Zeus, Thebes, Thales, Aphrodite,Paramour,  enamoured, flighty,Episodes, antipodes,Acquiesce, and  obsequies.Please dont monkey with the  geyser,Dont p eel taters with my  razor,Rather say in accents pure:Nature, stature  and  mature.Pious, impious, limb, climb, glumly,Worsted, worsted, crumbly, dumbly,Conquer, conquest, vase, phase, fan,Wan, sedan  and  artisan. The  TH  will surely trouble youMore than  R, CH  or  W.Say then these phonetic gems:Thomas, thyme, Theresa, Thames.Thompson, Chatham, Waltham, Streatham,There are more but I forget em-Wait! Ive got it:  Anthony,Lighten your anxiety.The archaic word  albeitDoes not rhyme with  eight-you see it;With  and  forthwith, one has voice,One has not, you make your choice.Shoes,  goes, does. Now first  say:  finger;Then say:  singer, ginger, linger.Real, zeal, mauve, gauze  and  gauge,Marriage, foliage, mirage, age,Hero, heron, query, very,Parry, tarry fury, bury,Dost, lost, post, and  doth, cloth, loth,Job, Job, blossom, bosom, oath.Faugh, oppugnant, keen  oppugners,Bowing, bowing, banjo-tunersHolm  you know, but  noes, canoes,Puisne, truism, use, to  use?Though the difference seems  little,We say  actual, but  victual,Seat, sweat, chaste, caste, Leigh, eight, height,Put, nut, granite, and  unite.Reefer  does not rhyme with  deafer,Feoffer   does, and  zephyr, heifer.Dull, bull, Geoffrey, George, ate, late,Hint, pint, senate, but  sedate.Gaelic, Arabic, pacific,Science, conscience, scientific;Tour, but  our, dour, succour, four,Gas, alas, and  Arkansas. Say  manoeuvre, yacht  and  vomit,Next  omit, which differs  from itBona fide, alibiGyrate, dowry and awry.Sea, idea, guinea, area,Psalm, Maria, but  malaria.Youth, south, southern, cleanse  and  clean,Doctrine, turpentine, marine.Compare  alien  with  Italian,Dandelion  with  battalion,Rally  with  ally; yea, ye,Eye, I, ay, aye, whey, key, quay!Say  aver, but  ever, fever,Neither, leisure, skein, receiver.Never guessit is not  safe,We say  calves, valves, half, but  Ralf.Starry, granary, canary,Crevice, but  device, and  eyrie,Face, but  preface, then  grimace,Phlegm, phlegmatic, ass, glass, bass.Bass, large, target, gin, give, verging,Ought, oust, joust, and  scour, but  scourging;Ear, but  earn; and  ere  and  tearDo not rhyme with  here  but  heir.Mind the  O  of  off  and  oftenWhich may be pronounced as  orphan,With the sound of  saw  and  sauce;Also  soft, lost, cloth  and  cross.Pudding, puddle, putting. Putting?Yes: at golf it rhymes with  shutting.Respite, spite, consent, resent.Liable, but  Parliament.Seven  is right, but so is  even,Hyphen, roughen, nephew, Stephen,Monkey, donkey, clerk  and  jerk,Asp, grasp, wasp, demesne, cork, work.A  of  valour, vapid vapour,S  of  news  (compare  newspaper),G  of  gibbet, gibbon, gist,I  of  antichrist  and  grist,Differ  like  diverse  and  divers,Rivers, strivers, shivers, fivers. Once, but  nonce, toll, doll, but  roll,Polish, Polish, poll  and  poll.Pronunciationthink of  Psyche!-Is a paling, stout and  spiky.Wont it make you lose your witsWriting  groats  and saying  grits?Its a dark abyss or tunnelStrewn with stones like  rowlock, gunwale,Islington, and  Isle of Wight,Housewife, verdict  and  indict.Dont you think so, reader,  rather,Saying  lather, bather, father?Finally, which rhymes with  enough,Though, through, bough, cough, hough,sough, tough?Hiccough  has the sound of cup . . .My advice is: give it up! The Chaos by Dr. Gerard Nolst Trenità © first appeared (in a shorter version) in an appendix to his textbook  Drop Your Foreign Accent, published in 1920.

Media Culture Sign Symbol essays

Media Culture Sign Symbol essays A sign system is representation through communication which in turn leads to a shared meaning or understanding. We hold mental representations that classify and organise the world (whether fact or fiction), people, objects and events into meaningful categories so that we can meaningfully comprehend the world. The media use sign systems through newspapers, magazines, television,internet, and the radio etc. The conceptual map of meaning and language are the basis of representation. The conceptual map of meaning, are concepts organised, arranged and classified into complex relations to one another. The conceptual map of meaning although allows you to distinguish your own individual interpretation of the world, at the same time as holding similar views to that of other people in your culture. As the meaning is produced and constructed and in turn learned by a particular group of people. Therefore sharing conventions and codes of their language and culture. Signs can only convey meaning if we possess codes which allow us to translate our concepts into language. These codes are the result of social conventions which lead to the shared maps of meaning. These shared meanings are learnt unconsciously as we become members of a culture.If we have a concept of something in our minds we can say we know the meaning of this concept. However we cannot express or communicate this meaning without the second system of representation, language. Language is the only way in which meanings can be effectively exchanged between people, as people within the same culture are able to interpret the sign of language in the same manner. As the meanings become natural through the conditioning of culture. For example the word white in Australia represents a colour of purity, however in China it is the colour of death. Demonstrating that different cultures have not only have different meanings in their shared conceptual maps, but a different language to express i...

A new health drink based out of fresh juices Assignment

A new health drink based out of fresh juices - Assignment Example However, Fruit-shots allows consumers to get a healthy bottle of juice in the most convenient manner. The new trend towards healthy is responsible for the rapid growth of the beverage industry but other factors also influence consumer demand. Consumer purchasing power is among the factors that influence consumer demand in the beverages market. The recent global financial crisis eroded consumer purchasing power and a significant number of consumers reduced spending on consumer products. Fruit-shots offer consumers the opportunity to consume healthy meals at the most affordable prices. Research statistics reveal a growing demand for fresh juice from low income as well as middle income households. Another factor that influences the demand and supply of fresh juice is seasonal changes. There is a high demand for fresh juice during summer because of the warm weather conditions. The emergence of fruit and vegetable diseases has a negative impact on consumer attitudes towards the consumption of Fruit-shots. Finally, the low shelf life of fresh juice influences the quantity of Fruit-shots t hat consumers will be willing to purchase from retail outlets. The operational purposes and overall goals of this marketing project are three-fold. First of all, this marketing project aims at assessing Fruit-shots’ current situations. Secondly, the marketing project identifies the company’s current market share and brand performance. Finally, the project summarizes the company’s decisions. The genesis of the marketing project involves an analysis of the company’s market size and brand profitability. The analysis yields information on the company’s market reach and performance of individual brands. Fruit-shots will prepare a line graph chart, which reveals that the company has recorded consistent growth in the last six quarters. The company has recorded gradual and consistent increase in market size since its inception in the

Evolution of the genus homo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evolution of the genus homo - Research Paper Example The Australopithecines were the earliest known bipedal hominid species descending from the apes, the latter using all four limbs for locomotion, like the other animal species’ of today. The Australopithecines were anatomically more related to the extant apes in terms of brain size, possessed large postcanine teeth and employed mixed climbing with bipedalism for locomotion (Wood, 1992). The Homo habilis species has been supposed to succeed the Australopithecines in the evolutionary ladder followed by Homo erectus and the Homo sapiens (Wood, 1992). Fossil discovery and characterization has created some debate about the existence of the Homo habilis species as an intermediate species between the Australopithecines and the Homo erectus, but there is a consensus that the Homo erectus was the most primitive of the species from which the present day humans evolved. There are two distinct and contrasting views for the evolutionary ladder which the modern day Homo sapiens followed. The first suggests that the present day populations were derived as a result of in situ evolution from the Homo erectus species which was dispersed worldwide from the East African continent during the Lower Pleistocene (Finlayson, 2005). According to the other viewpoint, all present day populations of human species are the descended from a recent common ancestor who lived in East Africa 150,000 years ago and these descendants have replaced all regional populations, if they ever existed (Finlayson, 2005). The latter view is now accepted and has been labeled as the ‘Out-of-Africa-2’ viewpoint. According to its claims, the biologically superior humans that persist till now replaced all other homo species’ and their geographical spread was driven by climatic and ecological factors (Finlayson, 2005). The recent discovery of a hominid species in Indonesia, which has been given the nomenclature Homo floresiensis, whose existence is under active debate has confounded many a nthropologists with one opinion suggesting that the species may have evolved from an early migration of the Homo erectus which was dwarfed due to peculiar ecological factors in the region (Finlayson, 2005). The features which characterized the evolution of the Homo species to the present generation of humans are a larger relative brain size, larger body, a slower rate of growth and maturation of the body, bipedal mode of locomotion and smaller teeth and jaws facilitating lesser masticator effort as compared to the primitive species of Australopithecines and Paranthropines (Aiello & Wells, 2002). Historically, the migration of the Homo erectus occurred from Africa to the Eurasian and Asian continents from which the genus spread to all geographical regions of the world. The species evolved into the primitive ‘Neanderthal’ man which was very similar to modern humans except for the larger body size and an extremely protruding mid facial anatomy (Web, undated). The Neanderth al man can be traced to 250,00 years ago which is a relatively short period as compared to the overall time span associated with the evolution of the genus. The discovery and employment of stones, sticks as primitive tools was a cultural revolution which was not confined to the latter species as some evidence of their use in the Pliocene and the Pleistocene eras by the Australopithecines and Paranthropines also exists. Observational studies of the modern simian species in

ISP and Copyright Liabilities Essay Example for Free

ISP and Copyright Liabilities Essay The article â€Å"ISP Liabilities† by D. Tysver provides relevant information about copyright liabilities and Internet Service Providers liabilities as well as provides details of contract laws and frauds. The article provides detailed examination of liabilities and main reasons leading to copyright protection. The author is rather persuasive, because he uses logical arguments, conclusions and facts. Therefore, it is necessary to agree that the article is of great importance, because with rapid developments of computer networking, copyrights laws are often violated. The author states that â€Å"a party is guilty of copyright infringement if they violate one of the five exclusive rights given to copyright owners under the Copyright Act†. (Tysver 2005) Thus the aim of copyright is to prevent reproducing or copying of materials without special permission. The author thinks that Internet providers should be liable for infringement of copyright. It is necessary to agree with Tysver, because Internet providers provide chargeable access to world web and thus should protect customers from copyright violations. (Tysver 2005) Furthermore, ISP should be responsible for computer operating as a server, because it is one more way to make copies without permission. The author notes that ISP is aware of Copyright Act and thus they are liable for infringements even â€Å"if they do not directly take part in the copying or distribution of a work†. (Tysver 2005) Actually, the author introduces the term â€Å"contributory infringement† meaning that a party is considered guilty of rights violations if they cause infringing conduct or contribute to infringing activities. Additionally, the author speaks about â€Å"vicariously liability† stating that â€Å"person may be liable for the infringing actions of another if the person has the right and ability to control the infringers acts and receives a direct financial benefit from the infringement†. (Tysver 2005)It is apparent that copyrights have to be protected and it is necessary to provide liabilities to ISP, because they are the only source of materials protection in the web. References Tysver, D. (2005). ISP Liabilities. Retrieved November 17, 2006, from http://www. bitlaw. com/internet/isp. html.

Essay --

1. Lord of the Flies 2. William Golding 3. Drama, disaster, dystopian, etc. 4. The events of the book take place in the 1950’s during a major war most likely taking place around around 1954, the place the book takes place is a deserted island in the tropics where the Boys’ evacuation plane crashes after it was shot down. To understand the significance of the setting you need to know something about the time period it takes place, in the 1950’s long range plane travel was still a new concept, they didn’t have long range tracking systems and the first satellite hadn’t even been launched yet (1957 Sputnik-1), if a crash like that happened nowadays we would be there almost instantly, satellites would be watching and the navy would already have rescue vessels on route. The fact that no one had the technology to determine were the boys were gives them the sense of hopelessness and the feeling of permanence that accompanies their stay on the island that ends up fueling their primal instincts. 5. In the midst of a raging war, a plane evacuating a group of schoolboys from Britain is shot down over a deserted tropical island. Two of the boys, Ralph and Piggy, discover a conch shell on the beach, and Piggy realizes it could be used as a horn to summon the other boys. Once assembled, the boys set about electing a leader and devising a way to be rescued. They choose Ralph as their leader, and Ralph appoints another boy, Jack, to be in charge of the boys who will hunt food for the entire group. Ralph, Jack, and another boy, Simon, set off on an expedition to explore the island. When they return, Ralph declares that they must light a signal fire to attract the attention of passing ships. The boys succeed in igniting some dead wood by focusing ... ...ike an animal. Jack has the other boys ignite the forest in order to smoke Ralph out of his hiding place. Ralph stays in the forest, where he discovers and destroys the sow’s head, but eventually, he is forced out onto the beach, where he knows the other boys will soon arrive to kill him. Ralph collapses in exhaustion, but when he looks up, he sees a British naval officer standing over him. The officer’s ship noticed the fire raging in the jungle. The other boys reach the beach and stop in their tracks at the sight of the officer. Amazed at the spectacle of this group of bloodthirsty, savage children, the officer asks Ralph to explain. Ralph is overwhelmed by the knowledge that he is safe but, thinking about what has happened on the island, he begins to weep. The other boys begin to sob as well. The officer turns his back so that the boys may regain their composure.

Racism in Morocco Essay

AP History Take home test Yasser Benamirouche1-compare and contrast president Polk’s willingness to go to war against Mexico over Texas but not against Britain over Oregon. I believe that there is political and economical reasons behind that.. Britain is a much stronger enemy and I do not think it was a good idea to go to war with them because it might end badly for the U.S while Mexico that just got its freedom it was an â€Å"easy target† I believe and it kinda was the case because the United States one the war and got Texas and more. A second reason will be that Polk; being from the Jacksonian party which stood for slavery; wanted to get Texas and make it a slave state which will give more power to the slave states while if they got Oregon it would have been a free state which is not what Jacksonian democrat would want. Those were the political reasons now with the economical reasons, getting Texas would open a gateway to California and therefor the trade with Southern America which will be very profitable for the United States of America. 2-what are the reason that American settlers were so eager to go west in this time period? Discuss the hardships they would have faced on their journey West. American settlers moving West was motivated by different ideas like that the settlers were responsible of spreading Christianity and that the United States was meant to spread in the continent making a â€Å"making a new heaven on earth† and it was documented and it became the practical document â€Å" Manifest Destiny which was used by democrats to explain their expansions â€Å" the War with Mexico etc.. 3-Asses the validity of the following statement†although Americans percieved manifest destiny as a benevolent movement, it was in fact an aggressive imperialism pursued at the expense of others† I believe what was said is very true, the Manifest Disteny was a way to explain the unexplainable which is going to war and taking over lands by killing its native habitants like in the War of Mexico and the Trails of tears, while at the same time discourage any attempt by the eastern world to take any similar actions 4-asses the validity of the following statement â€Å" the Mexican war was a major reason of the American civil war†. Caused by the addition of vast new territories and the fight between the southerners and northerners to see which states will be slave states and which states will not, the northerners wanted California so badly so they had to give something in exchange and the thing they gave was the right for southerners to hunt down any running slaves and bring back which irritated the northerners and overheated the whole debate by the end of 1850’s+.

Adolf Loos Design Culture Essay

There are, or were, better arguments than Loos’s against the misuse of ornament. It could be considered morally dubious, because it is a means of showing off one’s wealth. That historical argument was made in the days when hand-crafted decorations were very expensive, but it no longer applicable, now that ornament can be machine-made at a modest cost. In any case, good ornamentation has never been valued solely as ostentation; traditionally, it has also been seen to have real aesthetic merit. Sometimes, excessive ornamentation could be said to be unaesthetic; and in my perspective, some extreme art creations fall into this error. Art plays a particularly important and influential role in culture. It does not simply reflect culture; it creates culture. By studying ornamentation in different periods of design history, we can understand more about how it has manifested itself and why it is a vital part of our history. Window displays, if used effectively, can bring retailers new customers, create customer loyalty, and enhance the image of the business. By decorating and furnishing the display windows, retailers can attract more customers into their stores, increase the sales and revenue, because the majority of purchase decisions are made on impulse. Window displays continue to have a massive influence even until now. It is one of the most important tools to draw customers’ attention. Even from an economic perspective, ornamentation is not necessarily a waste of labour, money, and materials. The 19th century definitely is the century of decorative arts. At the beginning of the century, the arts were ornamental subjects in the education of young ladies and gentlemen. Artistic accomplishments were displayed in pleasing social performances that appeared effortless but demonstrated good taste and ideal values, knowledge, and skills. Art education was one component of a process of secular refinement that spread from the wealthy to the middling sort and included the beautification of houses, churches, as well as school buildings. The art of interior decoration and design was at the same time intimate and luxuriant. Loos argues that ornamentation is uncivilized and primitive, and would hinder the development of national culture. However, ornamentation meant more than just decoration at that time, and the acceptable use of ornament, and its precise definition became the source of aesthetic controversy in academic Western architecture, as architects and critics searched for appropriate styles. â€Å"A plain, functional form generally signified the often harsh necessities of work, and as such was tolerated in its place, but art, in the form of decoration and ornament, represented for many people a deep aspiration for a better life† (Heskett, 56). Ornamentation at that time brought not only the sense of beauty but also mentally content to its user. What do vehicles, vacuum cleaners, ironers, planes, and ships have in common? Obviously, the streamlined design. In the 20th century, streamlined design has evolved from a scientific to an ornamental purpose. While Loos argues that ornamentation is crime and designers should focus on functions, streamlined design actually improves the functionality and the durability of a product. The goal for the future is to improve aerodynamic efficiency by greatly reducing drag while maintaining and, wherever possible, increasing down-force† (Ferrari. com). As a result of using aerodynamic streamlined design, Ferrari has become one of the best hyper-sport car brands in the world for fifty years, best known for its speed and handling. â€Å"In fact, Fordism turned the factory into a kind of super-machine in its own right, with both human and mechanical parts† (Wollen, P66). Fordism is the economic period that turned craftsmanship into the mass production of standardized objects. Under Fordism, production entailed an intensified division of industrial labor; increased mechanization and the coordination of large-scale manufacturing processes to achieve a steady flow of production, and shifted toward the using of less skilled labour. This system effectively reduces the costs of producing large quantities of products and, consequently, makes the sale price significantly lower than the craftsman’s. An ornament is not considered to be a prior-determined mask anymore, to create a significance, or, to have a certain meaning, as it was during the postmodern period. It does not have the role of concealing things, as it did in different historical periods before the modern period, when its existence was futile. A good example of modern design is a wall clock. A clock is meant to draw our attentions through its function. With a fancy design, it also serves as a decoration in the environment. But no matter how fancy the design is, a clock is always meant to be seen easily and quickly. Practical and ornamental designs oftentimes intersect. In those cases, the design elements involved can either work well together or hinder each other. Loos’s argument about decoration is degenerate and inherently criminal does not stand up. Given the time in he is writing, we can forgive Loss his racist assumptions about the black and the Papuans. However, his assertion that primitive people decorate themselves in tattoos so, therefore decoration must be a degenerate practice is completely unfounded and holds no weight at all. I appreciate modern design just as much, if not more than the ordinary person, but truth be told, I am not really interested in decoration. Adolf Loos Design Culture Essay There are, or were, better arguments than Loos’s against the misuse of ornament. It could be considered morally dubious, because it is a means of showing off one’s wealth. That historical argument was made in the days when hand-crafted decorations were very expensive, but it no longer applicable, now that ornament can be machine-made at a modest cost. In any case, good ornamentation has never been valued solely as ostentation; traditionally, it has also been seen to have real aesthetic merit. Sometimes, excessive ornamentation could be said to be unaesthetic; and in my perspective, some extreme art creations fall into this error. Art plays a particularly important and influential role in culture. It does not simply reflect culture; it creates culture. By studying ornamentation in different periods of design history, we can understand more about how it has manifested itself and why it is a vital part of our history. Window displays, if used effectively, can bring retailers new customers, create customer loyalty, and enhance the image of the business. By decorating and furnishing the display windows, retailers can attract more customers into their stores, increase the sales and revenue, because the majority of purchase decisions are made on impulse. Window displays continue to have a massive influence even until now. It is one of the most important tools to draw customers’ attention. Even from an economic perspective, ornamentation is not necessarily a waste of labour, money, and materials. The 19th century definitely is the century of decorative arts. At the beginning of the century, the arts were ornamental subjects in the education of young ladies and gentlemen. Artistic accomplishments were displayed in pleasing social performances that appeared effortless but demonstrated good taste and ideal values, knowledge, and skills. Art education was one component of a process of secular refinement that spread from the wealthy to the middling sort and included the beautification of houses, churches, as well as school buildings. The art of interior decoration and design was at the same time intimate and luxuriant. Loos argues that ornamentation is uncivilized and primitive, and would hinder the development of national culture. However, ornamentation meant more than just decoration at that time, and the acceptable use of ornament, and its precise definition became the source of aesthetic controversy in academic Western architecture, as architects and critics searched for appropriate styles. â€Å"A plain, functional form generally signified the often harsh necessities of work, and as such was tolerated in its place, but art, in the form of decoration and ornament, represented for many people a deep aspiration for a better life† (Heskett, 56). Ornamentation at that time brought not only the sense of beauty but also mentally content to its user. What do vehicles, vacuum cleaners, ironers, planes, and ships have in common? Obviously, the streamlined design. In the 20th century, streamlined design has evolved from a scientific to an ornamental purpose. While Loos argues that ornamentation is crime and designers should focus on functions, streamlined design actually improves the functionality and the durability of a product. The goal for the future is to improve aerodynamic efficiency by greatly reducing drag while maintaining and, wherever possible, increasing down-force† (Ferrari. com). As a result of using aerodynamic streamlined design, Ferrari has become one of the best hyper-sport car brands in the world for fifty years, best known for its speed and handling. â€Å"In fact, Fordism turned the factory into a kind of super-machine in its own right, with both human and mechanical parts† (Wollen, P66). Fordism is the economic period that turned craftsmanship into the mass production of standardized objects. Under Fordism, production entailed an intensified division of industrial labor; increased mechanization and the coordination of large-scale manufacturing processes to achieve a steady flow of production, and shifted toward the using of less skilled labour. This system effectively reduces the costs of producing large quantities of products and, consequently, makes the sale price significantly lower than the craftsman’s. An ornament is not considered to be a prior-determined mask anymore, to create a significance, or, to have a certain meaning, as it was during the postmodern period. It does not have the role of concealing things, as it did in different historical periods before the modern period, when its existence was futile. A good example of modern design is a wall clock. A clock is meant to draw our attentions through its function. With a fancy design, it also serves as a decoration in the environment. But no matter how fancy the design is, a clock is always meant to be seen easily and quickly. Practical and ornamental designs oftentimes intersect. In those cases, the design elements involved can either work well together or hinder each other. Loos’s argument about decoration is degenerate and inherently criminal does not stand up. Given the time in he is writing, we can forgive Loss his racist assumptions about the black and the Papuans. However, his assertion that primitive people decorate themselves in tattoos so, therefore decoration must be a degenerate practice is completely unfounded and holds no weight at all. I appreciate modern design just as much, if not more than the ordinary person, but truth be told, I am not really interested in decoration.

Silas Marner is a study of alienation and redemption Essays

Silas Marner is a study of alienation and redemption Essays Silas Marner is a study of alienation and redemption Paper Silas Marner is a study of alienation and redemption Paper Essay Topic: Literature Silas Marner is the story of a skilful but unfortunate weaver, who has much misfortune in his life, as he is mis-treated by a close friend called William Dane, during his time as a member of the Lantern Yard sect. After which he was forced to move to the town of Raveloe, which is a small but picturesque village, where he lives a quiet and madesonate lifestyle as a weaver for a long period of fifteen years. In this novel Eliot uses different ways of characterisation for the different characters she uses during the story. Silas Marner, who is the leading figure pf the novel, is a lonely middle-aged bachelor with a small build and protruding, myopic eyes. By trade he is a weaver but more importantly, he is an ordinary man not leading an ordinary life. Throughout the novel we are shown that Silas is a loving and trusting person. These remain constant in Silas, even through the development of his character, the betrayal by his closest friend William Dane and the disgrace of him being found guilty of theft and his exclusion from the Lantern Yard sect have made him unable to have human company for a long period of time. At every stage in the development of his character, Eliot has something else to prop Silas up on, that he is very dependant on, something that is outside of himself. His religion at Lantern Yard, his work and gold for the first fifteen years of his life in Raveloe and then after his gold is stolen he finds Eppie and it is then her which he is very dependant on. Silas is very gentle by nature, and he even tells Jem Rodney to return his gold and he will take no action. When Eppie is young he is very lenient with her and cannot even bring himself to hit her when she is naughty. But for all this gentleness he is still not lacking in strength of confidence to defend himself, we see this when he sees injustice, as shown with his little outburst at Lantern Yard and angry reproaches to Godfrey Cass. He also possesses an immense capacity for love. He takes in the child and he never questions will he keep her and love her, he just does this without a thought given to it. Silas is loving enough towards Eppie, that when Godfrey attempts to reclaim Eppie in later life Silas says she can go if she chooses. Even the miserliness that he shows, by him hoarding the gold, is an attempt to fill the void that is left by his lack of love. Even though he remains poor and uneducated throughout the novel. Silass nature is far finer than any other character in the novel including the gentry. Even though he removes himself from religion when he reaches the village of Raveloe, his knowledge and belief is still far superior to that of the Raveloe villagers, as he knows in his heart that in spite of all the doubts along the way, his faith is not based on the unquestioned doctrines. There are many instances of alienation in this novel and most of them happen to Silas. He is at first an influential member of Lantern Yard and not initially alienated but after the betrayal by his closest friend William Dane and Silas is found guilty of theft, the sects leaders and its members turn their backs on him and he becomes alienated from them and their religion and work. Silas does not gain redemption from this sect until the end of the book. Upon arriving in Raveloe Silas self imposes alienation as he feels that he is unable to trust anyone after his closest friend had betrayed him. The people around Silas that belong to the village are very superstitious and uneducated. When he treats Sally Oakes with his knowledge of medical lore they believe that he is a healer but they also think that if he is a healer, he can also hurt people too. He is unwilling to get involved in village life for this reason and also his physical characteristics and his digital dexterity with the loom, play a big part in the fact that they do not trust him, his large protruding eyes and the fact that he has catalepsy go along way towards the people thinking he is not able to be trusted. It is self imposed for a number of reasons, he no longer feels that he can trust anybody after the events at Lantern Yard and he also no longer believes in what he is told because he thinks that it is all lies. Evidence that he alienated himself from the village: He was generally spoken of as a poor mushed Creature and that avoidance of his neighbours, which Had before been referred to his ill-will, and to a Probable addiction to worse company, was now Considered mere craziness There is still one thing that he will trust and believe in and that is his gold. He believes this because it is not a living things and does not have feelings so it will not be able to betray him. The milieu has a large part to play in this alienation due to the setting that Silas has found himself in. There are great differences between the two settings that Silas has lived in, he was never really alienated from Lantern Yard until right at the very end of his membership, but in Raveloe he is because of the superstitious characteristics that the village people posses. The way in which Silas marner is alienated can also be linked with novels structure is cyclical and it is also almost liturgical to the Christian calendar year, as time is the crucial factor in the novel as the more time that passes the more changes it brings. The alienation can also be linked with the narrative voice of George Eliot; she is motivated by the theme of this novel and guides the views of the readers towards her views. There is an autobiographical element in this writing as Eliot herself once suffered alienation from her father because he did not speak to her for a number of years and also out caste her because of her unorthodox belief in the Christian religion and her relationships with married men. There are also many examples of redemption in this novel, which Eliot also received when her father began to talk to her again. Redemption is where one starts to regain a sense of ones worth. Silass life had become like a spiders web, because he was in the middle and everything span outwards from him and his loom. One day after the New Year had began Silas had been out for a walk, he came back to his cottage and he fell into one of his cataleptic fit whilst standing at his door. He awoke with blurry eyes and saw gold locks on the floor, at first he thought it was his gold but then he touched it and it was the feel of the hair of a baby girl, this was a sign of a new beginning and a miraculous event in his life and this began to make up for all the misfortune that he had experienced and begins to express to the reader that miracles do happen and the wheel will turn a full circle in the end and everybodys luck changes. There is almost something biblical about the moment where he finds the baby girl on the floor in his cottage. Silas begins to find new belief when he finds her on his floor and instantly finds love in his heart for her. There is also a sub plot to this story that also included alienation and redemption was the fact that Godfrey became alienated from both of his wives at different times in the story. Firstly it was self imposed to become alienated from his wife and child because he thinks that it will ruin his chances with Nancy Lammeter and also that she has a drug addiction that he is paying for. Secondly he again imposes the alienation upon himself but this time it was not from his second wife Nancy but from her affections towards him. He begins to think that their marriage is pointless as she is unable to have children and is unwilling to adopt because she is a very superstitious woman and thinks if she cannot have them, then she was not made to have them. There is redemption for him too though on both occasions. On the same night that Silas gains redemption, Godfrey also gains redemption from his alienation from his first wife. His wife was found frozen to death after she had gone out to show up at Squire Casss New Years party but had not made it all the way, she was found outside Silass cottage and her daughter had wandered off into Silass cottage and he claimed her for his own. There is redemption on the second occasion for Godfrey but it is then taken harshly away from him, when he offers Eppie a chance to come and live in his house, with all the luxuries that she would never experience while with Silas and she refuses. Godfrey would have been happy to take her away from the man she has called dad for all those years, without even giving it a second thought. He begins to realise that this is very selfish and it is his own fault, unlike when Silass gold was stolen. Throughout the novel the readers response is guided by the narrative voice, this is because of the explicit moralizing during the persona that is adopted by Eliot and this guides the didactic element to the novel. The persona throughout this novel is on of a sensitive and a wise commentator upon the human life. The narrator is both sympathetic and humane towards the characters. The didactic elements are very simple to see and should be picked up by even the simplest of readers, they are homely and are observations based upon natural imagery. The narrative structure is divided up into two parts. The development of Silas Marners character is put into part one and this has a main and a sub plot. The main is Silas Marner and his life and the sub plot being Godfrey and Dunsten. The second part involves a main and a sub plot also. The main plot being Silas and Eppie, with the sub plot again involving Godfrey and his wife Nancy. The different parts that structure the novel are forever changing in the novel and this guides the reader to a much better understanding of Silass character and the divine power of providence, which involves the wheel of life that will always turn a full circle to change peoples luck. The understanding of this is vital to the plot and understanding of the story. All this contributes and conveys the impression to the reader the views held by George Eliot that human life is very much conveyed by didactic intentions.

Psychology Coursework

Psychology Coursework Psychology Coursework Psychology Coursework. What Do The Students Expect? Students, who want to unite their lives with psychology in the future must get a masters degree on this subject, therefore they should obtain psychology courses and write a psychology coursework: After the graduation they can work as doctors, teachers and have other occupation which is connected with peoples psychology. Their career depends on the doing their psychology courseworkproperly, so it is an important step in their education and it should be treated corresponding. There are different types of the assignments which can be done by the student for the obtaining the psychology degree. Format For Psychological Coursework A psychology courseworkcan be written in the form of essay, dissertation, term paper and other study assignments. As it must cover a plenty of literature material, so the demonstration by the students of their talent of disposing facts and analyzing material should be on the high level If the practical part is present, the student should observe the actions and the results of the experiments and then to put down these clinical observations in the form of the report to their psychology coursework And the students should remember that any theoretical statements should be supported by the hands-on experiment If the student is insuch a level of education that there is a turn for the dissertation, so it should be done perfectly and have much efforts for the better understanding of the problem. The student should be deeply absorbed in the issued problem and the practical part is a must-be requirement here. But it is not the only thing which is the element of the dissertation or extended psychology coursework. The students are expected to show view of other scholars and make a conclusion, which study is more appropriate for the demonstration of the solution to the problem or to the hide question within the topic of the assignment. There is another one type of the psychology coursework, which can be called as case study, when a student should do a research basing on the profile of the patient of a group of them. There must be a lot of arguments and the psychological ability of patients should be observed in the different situations. Their behavior, their justifying of the done actions should be considered also. Then a student can offer a suggestion how the mental problem or life conditions could be improved and the danger of the mental illnesses can be avoided. Areas Of Psychology There some areas of psychology, which can be observed by students, they are: Abnormal psychology Applied psychology Behavioral psychology Child psychology Clinical psychology Developmental psychology Educational psychology Experimental psychology general psychology Gestalt psychology Social psychology. So if you are not sure in the efforts, so you can entrust the writing to our writing service. We should notice that no customer had any complaint about our service. Our experts can perform any order concerning any topic or form of the assignment. Good luck to you and be happy with us! Related posts: Informative Essay Writing How to Write a Good College Essay? Essay about Bosnia College Essay Online College Essay Help

Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Case Study Analysis - Essay Example The company has a web site which provides an overview of the business but it does not encompass any e-commerce related activity. Seeing the importance of e-business in today’s business world, the top management of Panfore electronics, Inc has decided to establish a new web based business or ecommerce platform that will be helpful in managing the business dealings and will offer better business market status. This new dimension of e-commerce for the Panfore electronics, Inc will bring better competitive advantages. 1- INTRODUCTION Many aspects of the way corporations or individuals perform their operations and compete in the current period will be determined by means of huge network of electronic networks that was emerged as the information thruway but now it is known as the Internet (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). Basically, the internet is a large network of networks that is used by the millions of corporations, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals to carry out their everyday work (Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005, pp. 11-12) and (Norton, 2001). The rapid growth of information technology (internet, e-commerce, information systems etc) during last few years has greatly influenced the corporations. Additionally, at the present, e-commerce has become one of the most significant features of the Internet which has appeared in the recent times. Normally, electronic commerce (e-commerce) refers to the implementation of business over the internet with the help of PCs those are connected to each other in the form of a network. In more simple words, ecommerce is the process of buying and selling (products, goods or services) using a digital infrastructure (Hendershot, 2011) and (EcommerceEducation, 2007). The basic purpose of e-business is to help establish a business that be executed over the Internet, or using Internet systems and technologies to enhance the prosperity or production of a company. On the other hand, this te rm can be used to explain some type of electronic business: specifically to express any company that makes use of a computer system. This practice is rather old-fashioned, though, in the majority cases e-business denotes wholly to Internet businesses. In more simple words, e-business refers to the process of offering and selling products, goods and services using web. Thus, corporations can use e-business to reach at a great deal broader customer base as compared to some customary retail shops with everlasting substantial sites could always anticipate. In this scenario, the role of e-business is acknowledged as ecommerce; however both ideas are used identically. There is another fact about e-business, that is, it can be used to get access to the across the border products or supplies for domestic production. In this scenario, e-business is acknowledged as e-Procurement. In this way the corporations can reduce their expenses radically. Moreover, a lot of e-businesses that work withou t having an electronic business platform at the present make use of e-procurement as a main method to effectively follow and run their purchases (McGuigan, 2011) and (Ray, 2004). Panfore electronics is among one of the major suppliers of power management solutions, such as eco-reactive chargers for notebooks, laptop computers and mobile electronic devices (for example PDAs, mobile phones, digital cameras, and so on.). Additionally, Panfore

Nanoprobes used to Fight Breast Cancer Tumors Essay

Nanoprobes used to Fight Breast Cancer Tumors - Essay Example The prevalence rates are quite similar throughout the world with the United States leading in the number of incidences and China showing the least. Historically, Eastern Europe and the Far East have had low rates of breast cancer which however, have begun to rise rapidly (Babb et al, 2001). The age related incidence is also very significant in this disease as, the age group most at risk are women over 50 years old (80% of cases) and the highest number of cases is in this 50-69 age group (Office for National Statistics, London, 2008). The treatment for breast cancer is dependent on various factors like, the type of breast cancer, the size and histopathology of the tumor, the stage of the disease and the presence or absence of certain biomarkers. The general health of the patient is also a major factor in determining the mode of treatment. The options range from unilateral to bilateral mastectomies, lumpectomy, with additional chemotherapy or radiation therapy or chemotherapy and radiation on their own. Tamoxifen, an endocrine targeting drug which acts by interfering with the activity of estrogen, a female hormone is the largest selling drug for breast cancer. Tamoxifen has been used for more than 30 years to treat breast cancer in women and this too, has side effects that cannot be overlooked and in most cases is usually an additional therapeutic drug. All these treatments are painful in different degrees both physically and emotionally. The recovery time is long, especially in older patients and the nature of th e disease, that it could reoccur, is an emotionally exhausting variable to live with. The invasive and painful features of the currently available treatment options and the high incidences, makes this a very important disease in which to fund research. The awareness, on the rising numbers and the need to address the methods of diagnosis and treatment has been heeded by many countries and organizations. Technological advances in one area serendipitously affect applications in other areas. Nanotechnology is one such science that has influenced developments in many spheres of science, technology and medicine. Nanotechnology involves the creation of practical substances, devices, and systems which can be used in different applications on an incredibly small scale. The size and scale we are referring to here is in nanometers and hence the name nanotechnology. Nanotechnology works between 1 and 100 nanometers, a nanometer being, one billionth of a meter. To put this in proportion we can compare this to being the same as about ten times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. Advances in this technology have had applications in treatment options for many diseases including cancer. Introduction Significance of the Issue Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women (http://www.cancer.gov/statistics/). Breast cancer incidences and statistics are calculated and processed by gender, age, geographic variation, trends over time and prevalence. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the United Kingdom although the incidence in men is minute compared to other cancers. In 2005 there were 45,947 new cases of breast cancer that were diagnosed, of these 45,660 (over 99%) were in women and 287 (less than 1%) in men. As mentioned earlier the lifetime risk of being diagnosed with